General Neurology
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
Jun. 17, 2024
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View of the right orbit from above
Cranial nerves III and IV are illustrated passing lateral to the internal carotid artery with V1 and V2. The abducens nerve and the wall of the cavernous sinus are not shown. The optic nerve enters the orbit through the optic canal, whereas the superior and inferior branches of III, IV (and VI) along with branches of V1 enter the orbit through the superior orbital fissure.
(Source: Gray H, Lewis WH. Gray’s Anatomy of the Human Body. 20th edition. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1918. Public domain.)