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American soldiers in presence of gas (1918)

American soldiers of the 42nd division in presence of gas in Essey, France, on September 20, 1918. Chemical gases were broadly used during World War I to cause incapacitation, harm, or death to opposing troops. The types of chemicals ranged from agents like tear gas to lethal gases, such as phosgene, mustard gas, and chlorine. Their effectiveness diminished in the later stages of the war due to countermeasures, such as gas masks. The use of poison gas in this era constituted a war crime. (Source: National Museum of Health and Medicine. Photo ID: Reeve 037283. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en. Photograph edited by Dr. Douglas J Lanska.)