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Acute mountain sickness on exposure to high-altitude hypoxia can sometimes evolve to either high-altitude pulmonary edema or high-altitude cerebral edema

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After recovery or if there is no altitude illness, the evolution towards an increase of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells and the formation of more capillaries makes high-altitude residents resistant to several diseases and can even lead to extended longevity.

Abbreviations: VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor, HIF = hypoxia inducing factor, NO = nitric oxide, EPO = erythropoietin, RBC = red blood cells.

(Source: Zubieta-Calleja G, Zubieta-DeUrioste N. The oxygen transport triad in high-altitude pulmonary edema: a perspective from the high Andes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18[14]:7619. Creative Commons Attribution [CC BY] License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)