Neurobehavioral & Cognitive Disorders
Familial Alzheimer disease
Sep. 13, 2023
This is an image preview.
Start a Free Account
to view the full image.
-
Nearly 3,000 illustrations, including video clips of neurologic disorders.
-
Every article is reviewed by our esteemed Editorial Board for accuracy and currency.
-
Full spectrum of neurology in 1,200 comprehensive articles.
-
Listen to MedLink on the go with Audio versions of each article.
Proposed mechanisms of vitamin D deficiency in skeletal muscle atrophy
Deficiency leads to raised muscle protein breakdown via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway (UPP) and autophagy and upregulation of AMPK and members of the renin-angiotensin system. Whilst unclear, low vitamin D states may lead to impaired mitochondrial function and increased adiposity in muscle. Permanent withdrawal from the cell cycle (senescence) is a key phenomenon in aging, and the vitamin D/VDR axis has regulatory control. Abbreviations: 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; SASP, senescence associated-secretory phenotype; Ca2+, calcium ion; FFA, free fatty acids; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. (Source: Bollen SE, Bass JJ, Fujita S, Wilkinson D, Hewison M, Atherton PJ. The Vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Cell Signal 2022;96:110355. Creative Commons Attribution [CC BY] license, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)