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Schematic diagram of the brainstem from the side showing that the corticospinal tract (red) shares intimate relations with the cranial nerve nuclei and fibers

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The responsible lesions for various brainstem syndromes are shown with colored ovals. The crossed neurologic symptoms observed in the Defoville (Foville) syndrome are shown in the lower pons. The diagram was drawn by Dr. Nathan Beucler. (Source: Beucler N, Boissonneau S, Ruf A, Fuentes S, Carron R, Dufour H. Crossed brainstem syndrome revealing bleeding brainstem cavernous malformation: an illustrative case. BMC Neurol 2021;21[1]:204. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [CC BY 4.0] license, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)