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Parathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone-related protein, and binding to type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor

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(A) Amino acid sequences of the N-terminal region of PTH and PTHrP. The shared sequences with PTH are indicated by dark purple circles on PTHrP. (B) Binding of PTH and PTHrP to a G-protein-coupled receptor. (C) The two principal signaling pathways of PTH1R: the cyclic adenosine monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol pathways.

Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate; CREB, cAMP response element binding protein; DAG, diacylglycerol; IP3, inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate; PLC, phospholipase C; PKA, protein kinase A; PKC, protein kinase C; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTH1R, type 1 PTH receptor; PTHrP, parathyroid hormone-related protein.

(Source: Srisuwarn P, Disthabanchong S. Role of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein in protein-energy malnutrition. Front Biosci [Landmark Ed] 2023;28[8]:167. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [CC BY 4.0] license, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)