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Drug delivery routes to the inner ear

Abbreviations: CCA: common cochlear artery; CNS: central neural system; IHCs: inner hair cells; OC: organ of Corti; OHCs: outer hair cells; OW: oval window; RW: round window; SM: scala media; SP: spiral prominence; ST: scala tympani; SV: scala vestibuli. (Source: Xu K, Xu B, Gu J, Wang X, Yu D, Chen Y. Intrinsic mechanism and pharmacologic treatments of noise-induced hearing loss. Theranostics 2023;13[11]:3524-9. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [CC BY 4.0] license, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)