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Indirect immuno-fluorescence assay on a composite of mouse tissues (brain, gastric mucosa, and kidney)

GFAP-IgG positive patient (A-C): (A) hippocampal filamentous staining of the pia and subpia; (B) prominent staining of the ependymal and subependymal regions in the periventricular tissue; (C) myenteric plexus IgG-binding. GFAP-IgG negative patient with GFAP-mimic antibody staining (D-F): the staining is limited to ependymal and subependymal regions whereas parenchyma and myenteric plexus are not involved. (Contributed by Dr. Andrew McKeon.)

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  • Conditions associated with T cell dysfunction (lymphopenia of unknown origin, HIV, exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment)
  • Neoplasms
  • Other organ or nonorgan specific autoimmune disorders
  • Overlapping nervous-system targeting autoimmunity