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Chronic constriction variant of adductor spasmodic dysphonia

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Chronic constriction variant of adductor laryngeal dystonia

Patient diagnosed with chronic constriction variant of adductor laryngeal dystonia has a strained voice just before LEMG-guided botulinum toxin A injection. (Contributed by Dr. Tanya K Meyer.)

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Associated Disorders

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • Central pontine myelinosis
  • Essential tremor
  • Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 7
  • Late-onset laryngeal dystonia with low arylsulphatase A
  • Mitochondrial disease
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Palatal myoclonus
  • Psychogenic dysphonia
  • Tardive syndrome
  • Trauma
  • Valproic acid administration