Infectious Disorders
Arboviral encephalitis
Mar. 14, 2024
This is an image preview.
Start a Free Account
to view the full image.
-
Nearly 3,000 illustrations, including video clips of neurologic disorders.
-
Every article is reviewed by our esteemed Editorial Board for accuracy and currency.
-
Full spectrum of neurology in 1,200 comprehensive articles.
-
Listen to MedLink on the go with Audio versions of each article.
Differentiation of eye-closure from eyes-closed abnormalities
(A) Eye closure-related abnormalities (eg, photosensitivity) in a patient with Jeavons syndrome (eyelid myoclonia with absences). High-amplitude, generalized discharges occur within 1 to 3 seconds of closing the eyes in a lit room. These are of brief duration, do not continue in the resting period when the eyes are closed, and are totally inhibited in complete darkness. (B) Eyes closed-related abnormalities (eg, fixation-off sensitivity) in a woman who probably has cryptogenic epilepsy with seizures related to fixation-off sensitivity. The EEG paroxysms last as long as the eyes are closed. They are abruptly inhibited when the eyes are opened. The responses to fixation-off and fixation-on are similar, irrespective of the means by which they were elicited (eyes closed, darkness, +10 spherical lenses, Ganzfeld stimulation). The best practical means for testing fixation-off sensitivity is underwater goggles covered with opaque tape. (Used with permission from: Panayiotopoulos CP. A clinical guide to epileptic syndromes and their treatment. Revised 2nd edition. London: Springer, 2010.)