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Skin pattern of livedo reticularis and livedo racemosa

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If the blood flow in cutaneous arteries and veins is reduced, the erythrocytes become more deoxygenated than usual, so the draining veins become visible as a regular network. Therefore, any physiological or pathological process that impedes blood flow to the skin can produce a prominent livid coloration in the predominantly venous areas at the margins of the cones, resulting in a regular, net-like pattern of closed rings. (Source: Hartig F, Reider N, Sojer M, et al. Right/left shunt. Front Physiol 2020;11:994. Copyright © 2020. Hartig, Reider, Sojer, Hammer, Ploner, Muth, Tilg, and Köhler. Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY], https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode.)