Neuro-Ophthalmology & Neuro-Otology
Ophthalmic electrophysiology
Sep. 12, 2024
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Urea cycle defects causing citrullinemia
Ammonia is detoxified through its conversion to urea by the enzymes in the small boxes, whose abbreviations are spelled out below. ASS catalyzes the synthesis of argininosuccinate from citrulline and aspartate. Deficiency of ASS (highlighted red) causes hyperammonemia along with marked accumulation of plasma glutamine and citrulline and decreased plasma arginine concentrations. Urinary orotic acid may be elevated. Deficiency of citrin causes hyperammonemia along with variable accumulation of plasma glutamine and citrulline, but to a lesser degree compared with that of deficiency of ASS. Plasma arginine concentrations are normal or slightly elevated. NAGS, N-acetylglutamate synthase; CPS1, Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1; OTC, Ornithine transcarbamylase; ASS Argininosuccinate synthetase; ASL, Argininosuccinate lyase; ARG1, Arginase 1. (Adapted from: Zschocke and Hoffmann. Vademecum Metabolicum. 3rd revised edition. 2011. Contributed by Dr. Georg F Hoffmann.)
Related
Article
Associated
Disorders
- Argininosuccinic aciduria / acidemia
- Ataxia
- Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency
- Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency
- Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency
- Cerebral palsy
- Congenital hyperammonemia
- Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome
- Intellectual disability
- Maple syrup urine disease
- N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency
- Neuropsychiatric disease
- Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
- Reye syndrome
- Seizure disorder
- Urea cycle disorders (others)
- Valproate toxicity