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"Clean burn” metabolism with normal lactate and glutamate production

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Thiamine in the form of thiamine diphosphate (TDP) is required as a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and alpha-ketoglutaric acid dehydrogenase (KGDH), both key enzymes in Krebs cycle. Abbreviations: KGDH, alpha-ketoglutaric acid dehydrogenase; Mg2+, magnesium ion; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; TDP, thiamine diphosphate. (Source: Maguire D, Talwar D, Burns A, et al. A prospective evaluation of thiamine and magnesium status in relation to clinicopathological characteristics and 1-year mortality in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome. J Transl Med 2019;17[1]:384. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [CC BY 4.0] license, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)