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Passage histories from the wild type polioviruses to isolate the Sabin OPV1, OPV2, and OPV3

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The viruses were replicated either in vivo on monkey (MK) or mouse (Mo) or in vitro. The in vitro cultures used cells from different tissues (cynomolgus monkey kidney cells, rhesus monkey testicular or skin tissues). At the different stages of the selection, the strains were tested for neurovirulence in cynomolgus monkeys inoculated intraspinally, and those possessing the least residual neurovirulence were selected. Culture on chik (Chik) embryos was also used for other strains (CHAT and Cox) replicated in vivo in humans (Hu) and was used for selection of the CHAT strain. Large batches of the three types of Sabin OPVs were produced using cultures of monkey kidney cells transformed by the SV40 susceptible to poliovirus infection and replication.

Abbreviations: Hu, human; MK, monkey; Mo, mouse; OPV, oral poliovirus vaccine.

(Source: Devaux CA, Pontarotti P, Levasseur A, Colson P, Raoult D. Is it time to switch to a formulation other than the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine to prevent poliomyelitis? Front Public Health 2024;11:1284337. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [CC BY 4.0] license, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)