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West Nile virus transmission cycle involving birds and mosquitoes

West Nile virus transmission cycle involves birds (amplifying hosts) and mosquitoes (vectors). Infection can spread to humans and a diverse range of vertebrates, which are generally considered incidental or “dead-end” hosts. (Source: Simonin Y. Circulation of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in Europe: Overview and Challenges. Viruses 2024;16[4]:599. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [CC BY 4.0] license, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.)

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  • Encephalitis
  • Meningitis
  • Meningoencephalitis
  • Poliomyelitis